III. Strategic Guideline of Active Defense
三、積極防御戰(zhàn)略方針

The strategic concept of active defense is the essence of the CPC's military strategic thought. From the long-term practice of revolutionary wars, the people's armed forces have developed a complete set of strategic concepts of active defense, which boils down to: adherence to the unity of strategic defense and operational and tactical offense; adherence to the principles of defense, self-defense and post-emptive strike; and adherence to the stance that "We will not attack unless we are attacked, but we will surely counterattack if attacked."
積極防御戰(zhàn)略思想是中國共產(chǎn)黨軍事戰(zhàn)略思想的基本點(diǎn)。在長期革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)實(shí)踐中，人民軍隊(duì)形成了一整套積極防御戰(zhàn)略思想，堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)略上防御與戰(zhàn)役戰(zhàn)斗上進(jìn)攻的統(tǒng)一，堅(jiān)持防御、自衛(wèi)、后發(fā)制人的原則，堅(jiān)持“人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人”。

Shortly after the founding of the PRC in 1949, the Central Military Commission (CMC) established the military strategic guideline of active defense, and later, in line with the developments and changes in the national security situation, had made a number of major revisions of it. In 1993 the military strategic guideline of the new era was formulated, which took winning local wars in conditions of modern technology, particularly high technology, as the basic point in making preparation for military struggle (PMS). In 2004, the guideline was further substantiated, and the basic point for PMS was modified to winning local wars under conditions of informationization.
新中國成立后，中央軍委確立積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，并根據(jù)國家安全形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化對(duì)積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了多次調(diào)整。1993年，制定新時(shí)期軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，以打贏現(xiàn)代技術(shù)特別是高技術(shù)條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備基點(diǎn)。2004年，充實(shí)完善新時(shí)期軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，把軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備基點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步調(diào)整為打贏信息化條件下的局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

China's socialist nature, fundamental national interests and the objective requirement of taking the path of peaceful development all demand that China unswervingly adhere to and enrich the strategic concept of active defense. Guided by national security and development strategies, and required by the situation and their tasks in the new historical period, China's armed forces will continue to implement the military strategic guideline of active defense and enhance military strategic guidance as the times so require. They will further broaden strategic vision, update strategic thinking and make strategic guidance more forward-looking. A holistic approach will be taken to balance war preparation and war prevention, rights protection and stability maintenance, deterrence and warfighting, and operations in wartime and employment of military forces in peacetime. They will lay stress on farsighted planning and management to create a favorable posture, comprehensively manage crises, and resolutely deter and win wars.
中國社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)和國家根本利益，走和平發(fā)展道路的客觀要求，決定中國必須毫不動(dòng)搖堅(jiān)持積極防御戰(zhàn)略思想，同時(shí)不斷豐富和發(fā)展這一思想的內(nèi)涵。根據(jù)國家安全和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，適應(yīng)新的歷史時(shí)期形勢(shì)任務(wù)要求，堅(jiān)持實(shí)行積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)加強(qiáng)軍事戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)，進(jìn)一步拓寬戰(zhàn)略視野、更新戰(zhàn)略思維、前移指導(dǎo)重心，整體運(yùn)籌備戰(zhàn)與止戰(zhàn)、維權(quán)與維穩(wěn)、威懾與實(shí)戰(zhàn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行動(dòng)與和平時(shí)期軍事力量運(yùn)用，注重深遠(yuǎn)經(jīng)略，塑造有利態(tài)勢(shì)，綜合管控危機(jī)，堅(jiān)決遏制和打贏戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

To implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, China's armed forces will adjust the basic point for PMS. In line with the evolving form of war and national security situation, the basic point for PMS will be placed on winning informationized local wars, highlighting maritime military struggle and maritime PMS. The armed forces will work to effectively control major crises, properly handle possible chain reactions, and firmly safeguard the country's territorial sovereignty, integrity and security.
實(shí)行新形勢(shì)下積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，調(diào)整軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備基點(diǎn)。根據(jù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形態(tài)演變和國家安全形勢(shì)，將軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備基點(diǎn)放在打贏信息化局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上，突出海上軍事斗爭(zhēng)和軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備，有效控制重大危機(jī)，妥善應(yīng)對(duì)連鎖反應(yīng)，堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)國家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)、統(tǒng)一和安全。

To implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, China's armed forces will innovate basic operational doctrines. In response to security threats from different directions and in line with their current capabilities, the armed forces will adhere to the principles of flexibility, mobility and self-dependence so that "you fight your way and I fight my way." Integrated combat forces will be employed to prevail in system-vs-system operations featuring information dominance, precision strikes and joint operations.
實(shí)行新形勢(shì)下積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，創(chuàng)新基本作戰(zhàn)思想。根據(jù)各個(gè)方向安全威脅和軍隊(duì)能力建設(shè)實(shí)際，堅(jiān)持靈活機(jī)動(dòng)、自主作戰(zhàn)的原則，你打你的、我打我的，運(yùn)用諸軍兵種一體化作戰(zhàn)力量，實(shí)施信息主導(dǎo)、精打要害、聯(lián)合制勝的體系作戰(zhàn)。

To implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, China's armed forces will optimize the military strategic layout. In view of China's geostrategic environment, the security threats it faces and the strategic tasks they shoulder, the armed forces will make overall planning for strategic deployment and military disposition, in order to clearly divide areas of responsibility for their troops, and enable them to support each other and act as an organic whole. Threats from such new security domains as outer space and cyber space will be dealt with to maintain the common security of the world community. China's armed forces will strengthen international security cooperation in areas crucially related to China's overseas interests, to ensure the security of such interests.
實(shí)行新形勢(shì)下積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，優(yōu)化軍事戰(zhàn)略布局。根據(jù)中國地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境、面臨安全威脅和軍隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)略任務(wù)，構(gòu)建全局統(tǒng)籌、分區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)，相互策應(yīng)、互為一體的戰(zhàn)略部署和軍事布勢(shì)；應(yīng)對(duì)太空、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間等新型安全領(lǐng)域威脅，維護(hù)共同安全；加強(qiáng)海外利益攸關(guān)區(qū)國際安全合作，維護(hù)海外利益安全。

To implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, China's armed forces will uphold the following principles:
-- To be subordinate to and in the service of the national strategic goal, implement the holistic view of national security, strengthen PMS, prevent crises, deter and win wars;
-- To foster a strategic posture favorable to China's peaceful development, adhere to the national defense policy that is defensive in nature, persevere in close coordination of political, military, economic and diplomatic work, and positively cope with comprehensive security threats the country possibly encounters;
-- To strike a balance between rights protection and stability maintenance, and make overall planning for both, safeguard national territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and maintain security and stability along China's periphery;
-- To endeavor to seize the strategic initiative in military struggle, proactively plan for military struggle in all directions and domains, and grasp the opportunities to accelerate military building, reform and development;
-- To employ strategies and tactics featuring flexibility and mobility, give full play to the overall effectiveness of joint operations, concentrate superior forces, and make integrated use of all operational means and methods;
-- To make serious preparations to cope with the most complex and difficult scenarios, uphold bottom-line thinking, and do a solid job in all aspects so as to ensure proper responses to such scenarios with ease at any time and in any circumstances;
-- To bring into full play the unique political advantages of the people's armed forces, uphold the CPC's absolute leadership over the military, accentuate the cultivation of fighting spirit, enforce strict discipline, improve the professionalism and strength of the troops, build closer relations between the government and the military as well as between the people and the military, and boost the morale of officers and men;
-- To give full play to the overall power of the concept of people's war, persist in employing it as an ace weapon to triumph over the enemy, enrich the contents, ways and means of the concept of people's war, and press forward with the shift of the focus of war mobilization from human resources to science and technology; and
-- To actively expand military and security cooperation, deepen military relations with major powers, neighboring countries and other developing countries, and promote the establishment of a regional framework for security and cooperation.
實(shí)行新形勢(shì)下積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，堅(jiān)持以下原則：服從服務(wù)于國家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，貫徹總體國家安全觀，加強(qiáng)軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)防危機(jī)、遏制戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打贏戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；營造有利于國家和平發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢(shì)，堅(jiān)持防御性國防政策，堅(jiān)持政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等領(lǐng)域斗爭(zhēng)密切配合，積極應(yīng)對(duì)國家可能面臨的綜合安全威脅；保持維權(quán)維穩(wěn)平衡，統(tǒng)籌維權(quán)和維穩(wěn)兩個(gè)大局，維護(hù)國家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益，維護(hù)周邊安全穩(wěn)定；努力爭(zhēng)取軍事斗爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略主動(dòng)，積極運(yùn)籌謀劃各方向各領(lǐng)域軍事斗爭(zhēng)，抓住機(jī)遇加快推進(jìn)軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、改革和發(fā)展；運(yùn)用靈活機(jī)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，發(fā)揮聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)整體效能，集中優(yōu)勢(shì)力量，綜合運(yùn)用戰(zhàn)法手段；立足應(yīng)對(duì)最復(fù)雜最困難情況，堅(jiān)持底線思維，扎實(shí)做好各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作，確保妥善應(yīng)對(duì)、措置裕如；充分發(fā)揮人民軍隊(duì)特有的政治優(yōu)勢(shì)，堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)軍隊(duì)的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，重視戰(zhàn)斗精神培育，嚴(yán)格部隊(duì)組織紀(jì)律性，純潔鞏固部隊(duì)，密切軍政軍民關(guān)系，鼓舞軍心士氣；發(fā)揮人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的整體威力，堅(jiān)持把人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)作為克敵制勝的重要法寶，拓展人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的內(nèi)容和方式方法，推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)動(dòng)員以人力動(dòng)員為主向以科技動(dòng)員為主轉(zhuǎn)變；積極拓展軍事安全合作空間，深化與大國、周邊、發(fā)展中國家的軍事關(guān)系，促進(jìn)建立地區(qū)安全和合作架構(gòu)。