國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平27日在巴黎聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總部發(fā)表演講。演講全文如下：

President Xi Jinping delivers a wide-ranging speech on civilization at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on Thursday. [Photo/Agencies]

在聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總部的演講（2014年3月27日，巴黎）

中華人民共和國(guó)主席　習(xí)近平

Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping President of the People's Republic of China At UNESCO Headquarters

尊敬的博科娃總干事，

女士們，先生們，朋友們：

Your Excellency Madame Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

大家好！有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)到聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總部，感到十分高興。首先，我謹(jǐn)對(duì)博科娃女士再次當(dāng)選教科文組織總干事，表示衷心的祝賀！對(duì)教科文組織為推動(dòng)人類文明交流互鑒作出的卓越貢獻(xiàn)，表示誠(chéng)摯的敬意！

Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to have an opportunity of visiting the UNESCO headquarters. Let me begin by offering Madame Bokova my heartfelt congratulations on her re-election as the Director-General of the Organization and paying my sincere tribute to UNESCO for the extraordinary contribution it has made for greater exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

教科文組織誕生于69年前，那時(shí)世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)硝煙剛剛散去。面對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給人類帶來(lái)的慘烈后果，人類又一次反思戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平的真諦。千百年來(lái)，人類都?jí)粝胫志煤推剑珣?zhàn)爭(zhēng)始終像一個(gè)幽靈一樣伴隨著人類發(fā)展歷程。此時(shí)此刻，世界上很多孩子正生活在戰(zhàn)亂的驚恐之中。我們必須作出努力，讓?xiě)?zhàn)爭(zhēng)遠(yuǎn)離人類，讓全世界的孩子們都在和平的陽(yáng)光下幸福成長(zhǎng)。

UNESCO was born 69 years ago when the smoke of the World War against Fascism had barely dissipated. The grisly horror of war forced mankind once again to reflect on the nature of war and peace. Throughout the centuries, people have yearned for lasting peace, but war, like a haunting ghost, has been accompanying the journey of human progress every step of the way. As we speak, many children on this planet are subjected to the horror of armed conflicts. We must do our utmost to keep war as far away as possible from mankind so that children across the world can grow up happily under the sunshine of peace.

在教科文組織總部大樓前的石碑上，用多種語(yǔ)言鐫刻著這樣一句話：“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)起源于人之思想，故務(wù)需于人之思想中筑起保衛(wèi)和平之屏障?！?/p>

The stone wall at the entrance to the UNESCO headquarters carries the inscription of one single message in several languages: Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.

只要世界人民在心靈中堅(jiān)定了和平理念、揚(yáng)起了和平風(fēng)帆，就能形成防止和反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的強(qiáng)大力量。人們希望通過(guò)文明交流、平等教育、普及科學(xué)，消除隔閡、偏見(jiàn)、仇視，播撒和平理念的種子。這就是教科文組織成立的初衷。

As long as the idea of peace can strike deep roots and the sail of peace can be hoisted in the hearts and minds of people all over the world, a strong defense will be constructed to prevent and stop war. People hoped to promote inter-civilization exchanges, equality of educational opportunities and scientific literacy in order to dispel estrangement, prejudice and hatred, and spread the seeds for the idea of peace. This is precisely why UNESCO was established in the first place.

這樣一種期待，這樣一種憧憬，是我們今天依然要堅(jiān)守的。不僅要堅(jiān)守，而且要通過(guò)跨國(guó)界、跨時(shí)空、跨文明的教育、科技、文化活動(dòng)，讓和平理念的種子在世界人民心中生根發(fā)芽，讓我們共同生活的這個(gè)星球生長(zhǎng)出一片又一片和平的森林。

The aspiration and vision as such deserve our renewed commitment. Not only so, but we must also step up cross-border, cross-time-and-space and cross-civilization activities in education, science, technology and culture to spread the seeds of the idea of peace far and wide so that they will sprout, take root and grow in the hearts and minds of the world's people, and provide the planet we share with more and more forests of peace.

自1945年成立以來(lái)，教科文組織忠實(shí)履行使命，在增進(jìn)世界人民相互了解和信任、推動(dòng)不同文明交流互鑒方面進(jìn)行了不懈努力。中國(guó)高度重視同教科文組織的合作，愿意加大參與教科文組織的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。為體現(xiàn)對(duì)非洲的支持和幫助，我們決定把通過(guò)教科文組織向包括非洲國(guó)家在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供的長(zhǎng)城獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金名額由每年25人擴(kuò)大為75人，我們還將同教科文組織一道把援助非洲信托基金的活動(dòng)繼續(xù)開(kāi)展下去。

Since its inception in 1945, UNESCO has faithfully lived up to its mandate and worked untiringly to enhance trust and understanding among the world's peoples and promote exchanges and mutual learning among the various civilizations. China attaches great importance to its cooperation with UNESCO and stands ready to expand its participation in UNESCO activities. We have decided to expand the Great Wall Fellowship, a scheme that provides scholarship to developing countries, African countries included via UNESCO, from 25 to 75 people every year to demonstrate China's support and assistance for Africa. We will also continue to work within the framework of the UNESCO trust fund to help Africa.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,

文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鑒而豐富。文明交流互鑒，是推動(dòng)人類文明進(jìn)步和世界和平發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿Α?/p>

Civilizations have become richer and more colorful with exchanges and mutual learning. Such exchanges and mutual learning form an important drive for human progress and global peace and development.

推動(dòng)文明交流互鑒，需要秉持正確的態(tài)度和原則。我認(rèn)為，最重要的是堅(jiān)持以下幾點(diǎn)。

To promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, we must adopt a right approach with some important principles. They, in my view, contain the following:

第一，文明是多彩的，人類文明因多樣才有交流互鑒的價(jià)值。陽(yáng)光有七種顏色，世界也是多彩的。一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的文明是一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的集體記憶。人類在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史長(zhǎng)河中，創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展了多姿多彩的文明。從茹毛飲血到田園農(nóng)耕，從工業(yè)革命到信息社會(huì)，構(gòu)成了波瀾壯闊的文明圖譜，書(shū)寫(xiě)了激蕩人心的文明華章。

First, civilizations have come in different colors, and such diversity has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations relevant and valuable. Just as the sunlight has seven colors, our world is a place of dazzling colors. A civilization is the collective memory of a country or a nation. Throughout history, mankind have created and developed many colorful civilizations, from earlier days of primitive hunting to the period of agriculture, and from booming industrial revolution to the information society. Together, they present a magnificent genetic map of the exciting march of human civilizations.

“一花獨(dú)放不是春，百花齊放春滿園?！比绻澜缟现挥幸环N花朵，就算這種花朵再美，那也是單調(diào)的。不論是中華文明，還是世界上存在的其他文明，都是人類文明創(chuàng)造的成果。

"A single flower does not make spring, while one hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden." If there were only one kind of flower in the world, people will find it boring no matter how beautiful it is. Be it the Chinese civilization, or other civilizations in the world, they are all fruits of human progress.

我參觀過(guò)法國(guó)盧浮宮，也參觀過(guò)中國(guó)故宮博物院，它們珍藏著千萬(wàn)件藝術(shù)珍品，吸引人們眼球的正是其展現(xiàn)的多樣文明成果。文明交流互鑒不應(yīng)該以獨(dú)尊某一種文明或者貶損某一種文明為前提。中國(guó)人在2000多年前就認(rèn)識(shí)到了“物之不齊，物之情也”的道理。推動(dòng)文明交流互鑒，可以豐富人類文明的色彩，讓各國(guó)人民享受更富內(nèi)涵的精神生活、開(kāi)創(chuàng)更有選擇的未來(lái)。

I have visited the Louvre Museum in France and the Palace Museum in China, both of which house millions of pieces of art treasures. They are attractive because they are able to present the richness of diverse civilizations. Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations must not be built on the exclusive praise or belittling of one particular civilization. As early as over 2,000 years ago, the Chinese people came to recognize that "it is only natural for things to be different". Greater exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations can further enrich the colors of various civilizations and the cultural life of people, and open up still greater alternatives in the future.

第二，文明是平等的，人類文明因平等才有交流互鑒的前提。各種人類文明在價(jià)值上是平等的，都各有千秋，也各有不足。世界上不存在十全十美的文明，也不存在一無(wú)是處的文明，文明沒(méi)有高低、優(yōu)劣之分。

Second, civilizations are equal, and such equality has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations possible. All human civilizations are equal in terms of value. They all have their respective strengths and shortcomings. There is no perfect civilization in the world. Nor is there a civilization that is devoid of any merit. No one civilization can be judged superior to another.

我訪問(wèn)過(guò)世界上許多地方，最喜歡做的一件事情就是了解五大洲的不同文明，了解這些文明與其他文明的不同之處、獨(dú)到之處，了解在這些文明中生活的人們的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀。我到過(guò)代表古瑪雅文明的奇琴伊察，也到過(guò)帶有濃厚伊斯蘭文明色彩的中亞古城撒馬爾罕。我深深感到，要了解各種文明的真諦，必須秉持平等、謙虛的態(tài)度。如果居高臨下對(duì)待一種文明，不僅不能參透這種文明的奧妙，而且會(huì)與之格格不入。歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)都表明，傲慢和偏見(jiàn)是文明交流互鑒的最大障礙。

I have visited many places in the world. The best thing I wanted to do is to learn about differing civilizations across the five continents, what make them different and unique, how their people think about the world and life and what they hold dear. I have visited Chichen Itza, a window on the ancient Maya civilization, and the Central Asian city of Samarkand, an epitome of the ancient Islamic civilization. It is my keenly-felt conviction that an attitude of equality and modesty is required if one wants to truly understand the various civilizations. Taking a condescending attitude toward a civilization can not help anyone to appreciate its essence but may risk antagonizing it. Both history and reality show that pride and prejudice are two biggest obstacles to exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.

第三，文明是包容的，人類文明因包容才有交流互鑒的動(dòng)力。海納百川，有容乃大。人類創(chuàng)造的各種文明都是勞動(dòng)和智慧的結(jié)晶。每一種文明都是獨(dú)特的。在文明問(wèn)題上，生搬硬套、削足適履不僅是不可能的，而且是十分有害的。一切文明成果都值得尊重，一切文明成果都要珍惜。

Third, civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness has given exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations the needed drive to move forward. The ocean is vast for it refuses no rivers. All civilizations are crystallizations of mankind's hard work and wisdom. Every civilization is unique. Copying other civilizations mechanically or blindly is like cutting one's toes just to fit his shoes, which is not only impossible but also highly detrimental. All achievements of civilizations deserve our respect and must be treasured.