政府工作報(bào)告

第十二屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議， 2014年3月5日

國(guó)務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2014

by Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies,

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the work of the government for your deliberation,and I welcome comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2013年工作回顧

I. Review of Work in 2013

過(guò)去一年是本屆政府依法履職的第一年，任務(wù)艱巨而繁重。面對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇艱難、國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大、自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、多重矛盾交織的復(fù)雜形勢(shì)，全國(guó)各族人民在以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，從容應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，奮力攻堅(jiān)克難，圓滿實(shí)現(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)，改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得令人矚目的重大成就。

Last year was the first year for this government to perform its functions in accordance with the law, and it had arduous tasks. We faced a complex environment: the world economic recovery was difficult. In China, downward pressure on the economy increased, natural disasters occurred frequently, and there was an array of interrelated problems. However, the people of all of China's ethnic groups, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, confidently met all challenges, strove to overcome difficulties, fully attained the main targets for economic and social development for the year, and made impressive achievements in reform and opening up and in the socialist modernization drive.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中向好。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到56.9萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)7.7％。居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在2.6％。城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.1％。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1310萬(wàn)人，創(chuàng)歷史新高。進(jìn)出口總額突破4萬(wàn)億美元，再上新臺(tái)階。

-The economy was stable and improved. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 56.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. The rise in the consumer price index (CPI) was kept at 2.6%. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept at 4.1% and 13.1 million urban jobs were created, an all-time high. Total imports and exports exceeded US$4 trillion, reaching a new high.

——居民收入和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益持續(xù)提高。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)7％，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.3％，農(nóng)村貧困人口減少165O萬(wàn)人，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距繼續(xù)縮小。規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)12.2％。財(cái)政收入增長(zhǎng)1O.1％。

-Personal income continued to rise, and economic performance continued to improve. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 7% in real terms, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.3% in real terms. The number of rural people living in poverty was reduced by 16.5 million and the urban-rural income gap continued to narrow. The profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations rose by 12.2%. Government revenue increased by 10.1%.

——結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得積極成效。糧食產(chǎn)量超過(guò)1.2萬(wàn)億斤，實(shí)現(xiàn)“十連增”。服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重達(dá)到46.1％，首次超過(guò)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)。中西部地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值比重繼續(xù)提高，區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強(qiáng)。全社會(huì)用電量增長(zhǎng)7.5％，貨運(yùn)量增長(zhǎng)9.9％，主要實(shí)物量指標(biāo)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)相互匹配。

-Progress was achieved in adjusting the economic structure. Grain output exceeded 600 million metric tons, increasing for the tenth consecutive year. The value-added of the service sector accounted for 46.1% of GDP, surpassing secondary industry for the first time. The proportion of the gross regional product of the central and western regions to China's GDP continued to rise, and development in different regions became better balanced. China's total electricity consumption increased by 7.5%, and the volume of freight transport rose by 9.9%. Main real physical indexes matched economic growth.

——社會(huì)事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域取得新進(jìn)步。神舟十號(hào)遨游太空，嫦娥三號(hào)成功登月，蛟龍深潛再創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄，這表明中國(guó)人民完全有能力、有智慧實(shí)現(xiàn)建成創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的目標(biāo)。

-Social programs developed vigorously. Progress was made in education, science and technology, culture, and health. The Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was sent into orbit. The Chang'e-3 lunar lander successfully landed on the moon. The submersible Jiaolong broke the record for manned deep-sea dives. All this shows that the Chinese people definitely have the ability and wisdom to achieve the objective of making the country more innovative.

過(guò)去一年，困難比預(yù)料的多，結(jié)果比預(yù)想的好。經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展既有量的擴(kuò)大，又有質(zhì)的提升，為今后奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這將鼓舞我們砥礪前行，不斷創(chuàng)造新的輝煌。

In the last year, we met more difficulties but delivered a better performance than expected. The economy and society developed both quantitatively and qualitatively, thus laying a good foundation for future development. These achievements encourage us to forge ahead and make further progress.

一年來(lái)，我們堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促改革，堅(jiān)持宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、微觀政策要活、社會(huì)政策要托底，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，采取一系列既利當(dāng)前、更惠長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的舉措，穩(wěn)中有為，穩(wěn)中提質(zhì)，穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，各項(xiàng)工作實(shí)現(xiàn)了良好開局。

Last year, we adhered to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability. We worked to maintain stable growth, make structural adjustments and carry out reform in a holistic way. We ensured that the government's macro policies are stable, micro policies are flexible and social policies meet people's basic needs. We improved the ways of exercising macro-control and adopted measures with both short-term and long-term benefits in mind. We strove to break new ground, improve quality, and make progress while ensuring stability. All our work got off to a good start.

一是著力深化改革開放，激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力和內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。在國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜、宏觀調(diào)控抉擇兩難的情況下，我們深處著力，把改革開放作為發(fā)展的根本之策，放開市場(chǎng)這只“看不見的手”，用好政府這只“看得見的手”，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。

First, we deepened reform and opening up, invigorated the market, and stimulated internal impetus to growth. In the face of complex international and domestic developments and difficult choices in macro-control, we endeavored to resolve deep-seated problems and difficulties, took reform and opening up as the fundamental way to advance development, and gave full rein to both the invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of the government to promote steady economic growth.

我們從政府自身改起，把加快轉(zhuǎn)變職能、簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)作為本屆政府開門第一件大事。國(guó)務(wù)院機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序?qū)嵤峙∠拖路帕?16項(xiàng)行政審批等事項(xiàng)，修訂政府核準(zhǔn)的投資項(xiàng)目目錄，推動(dòng)工商登記制度改革。各地積極推進(jìn)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變和機(jī)構(gòu)改革，大幅減少行政審批事項(xiàng)。

Taking government reform as our starting point, we made accelerating the transformation of government functions, streamlining administration and delegating more power to lower-level governments the top priority of this government. Reform of State Council bodies was carried out in an orderly manner. We abolished or delegated to lower-level governments 416 items previously subject to State Council review and approval in batches, revised the list of investment projects requiring government review and approval, and carried forward reform of the business registration system.Local governments actively transformed their functions and reformed their departments, and greatly reduced the matters requiring their review and approval.

擴(kuò)大“營(yíng)改增”試點(diǎn)，取消和免征行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)348項(xiàng)，減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)15OO多億元。這些都為市場(chǎng)松了綁，為企業(yè)添了力，全國(guó)新注冊(cè)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)27.6％，民間投資比重上升到63％。

The pilot project to replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) was expanded, and 348 administrative fees were either canceled or exempted, thus reducing the burden on businesses by more than 150 billion yuan.All this further improved the market environment and invigorated businesses. The number of newly registered businesses increased by 27.6% nationwide. Private investment increased to 63% of the country's total investment.

全面放開貸款利率管制，在全國(guó)進(jìn)行中小企業(yè)股份轉(zhuǎn)讓系統(tǒng)試點(diǎn)。啟動(dòng)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記。簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)等改革，極大地激發(fā)了市場(chǎng)活力、發(fā)展動(dòng)力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。

Interest rate controls on loans were completely lifted. A trial on implementing the National Equities and Exchange Quotations was carried out nationwide. Unified registration of immovable property was launched. The reform greatly invigorated the market and stimulated development and social creativity, and boosted our efforts to streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments.

我們推動(dòng)開放向深度拓展。設(shè)立中國(guó)上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，探索準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單的管理模式。提出建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路的構(gòu)想。打造中國(guó)—東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)升級(jí)版。與瑞士、冰島簽署自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。實(shí)施穩(wěn)定外貿(mào)增長(zhǎng)的政策，改善海關(guān)、檢驗(yàn)檢疫等監(jiān)管服務(wù)。成功應(yīng)對(duì)光伏“雙反”等重大貿(mào)易摩擦。推動(dòng)高鐵、核電等技術(shù)裝備走出國(guó)門，對(duì)外投資大幅增加，出境旅游近億人次。開放的持續(xù)推進(jìn)，擴(kuò)大了發(fā)展的新空間。

We deepened reform endeavors. The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was established and the management model of pre-establishment national treatment (PENT) with a negative list was introduced. The vision of establishing a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road was put forward. The China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone was upgraded. Free trade agreements were respectively signed with Switzerland and Iceland.We implemented the policy to keep increases in foreign trade stable and improved customs, inspection, quarantine and other supervision and control services. Major trade disputes over anti-dumping and countervailing duties on Chinese products, such as photovoltaic solar products, were successfully resolved. We marketed China's high-speed rail and nuclear power technologies and equipment on the international market. China's outbound investment increased significantly. The number of Chinese tourists going overseas reached close to 100 million. The sustained progress of opening up created more space for China's development.

二是創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行處于合理區(qū)間。面對(duì)跌宕起伏的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，我們保持定力，明確守住穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、保就業(yè)的下限和防通脹的上限，只要經(jīng)濟(jì)在合理區(qū)間運(yùn)行，就集中精力抓住轉(zhuǎn)方式調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)不放松，保持宏觀政策基本取向不動(dòng)搖，以增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)信心、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)預(yù)期。

Second, we improved our thinking on and ways of conducting macro-control and ensured that the economy performed within a proper range. In the face of economic fluctuations, we maintained confidence, and stressed the need to maintain steady growth and ensure that employment does not fall below the prescribed minimum level and that inflation does not rise above the projected level. As the economic performance remained within the proper range, we concentrated our efforts on improving the growth model and making structural adjustments by unswervingly following the underlying principles of our macro-control policy. This enhanced public confidence in the market and kept expectations stable.

去年上半年，出口大幅波動(dòng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)下行，中央財(cái)政收入一度出現(xiàn)多年少有的負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，銀行間同業(yè)拆放利率一度異常升高，國(guó)際上出現(xiàn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可能“硬著陸”的聲音。

In the first half of last year, China's exports fluctuated drastically, the economic growth rate continued to decline, central government revenue registered negative growth for the first time in many years, and the inter-bank offered rate for lending rose sharply. There was overseas speculation that China's economy would have a "hard landing."

針對(duì)這種情況，我們堅(jiān)持實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，不采取短期刺激措施，不擴(kuò)大赤字，不超發(fā)貨幣，而是增加有效供給，釋放潛在需求，沉著應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)短期波動(dòng)，保障經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行不滑出合理區(qū)間，讓市場(chǎng)吃了“定心丸”，成為經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)中向好的關(guān)鍵一招。

In response to all this, we adhered to a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We did not adopt short-term stimulus measures, increase the deficit or issue excessive currency. Instead, we increased effective supply, unleashed potential demand, confidently dealt with short-term market fluctuations, and kept economic activities from sliding out of the proper range.

去年財(cái)政赤字控制在預(yù)算范圍內(nèi)，廣義貨幣M2增長(zhǎng)13.6％，符合調(diào)控要求。

All these efforts reassured the market and played a vital role in sustaining steady economic growth. Last year, the deficit was kept within the budgeted range and the broad money supply (M2) increased by 13.6%, well within the target range.

在保持總量政策穩(wěn)定的同時(shí)，積極盤活存量、用好增量。優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出，整合壓縮專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付。中央黨政機(jī)關(guān)和事業(yè)單位一般性支出壓減5％，各地也壓減一般性支出，騰出的資金用于改善民生、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。對(duì)小微企業(yè)實(shí)行稅收優(yōu)惠，6OO多萬(wàn)戶企業(yè)受益。通過(guò)審計(jì)，摸清全國(guó)政府性債務(wù)底數(shù)。加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管和流動(dòng)性管理，保持金融穩(wěn)健運(yùn)行。

While keeping macroeconomic policy stable, we made good use of both existing and additional monetary and financial resources. We improved the structure of budgetary expenditures and integrated and cut special transfer payments. The regular expenditures of central Party and government departments and public institutions were cut by 5%, and the regular expenditures of local governments were also reduced. The money saved was used to improve people's lives and grow the economy. Over six million small businesses with low profits benefited from tax breaks. We got a clear picture of total government debt in the whole country through auditing. We tightened financial supervision and liquidity management, thus ensuring sound financial operations.

三是注重調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益。針對(duì)阻礙發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題，我們注重精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力，運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)手段和差別化政策，在優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)中穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)，在創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)中促轉(zhuǎn)型，推動(dòng)提質(zhì)增效升級(jí)，為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展鋪路搭橋。

Third, we focused on adjusting the economic structure and raising the quality and returns of development. To address structural problems that hinder development, we strove to take well-targeted steps and used both the market and differential policies to maintain steady growth while upgrading the economic structure. And we also promoted industrial transformation in the course of carrying out innovation-driven development, thereby raising the quality and returns of development, promoting industrial upgrading and creating conditions for sustaining long-term development.

鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綜合配套改革試點(diǎn)，支持發(fā)展多種形式適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)。全面完成1.5萬(wàn)座小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固，新解決農(nóng)村6300多萬(wàn)人飲水安全問(wèn)題。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)，全國(guó)森林覆蓋率上升到21.6％。

The foundation of agriculture was consolidated and strengthened. We carried out integrated and comprehensive pilot reforms to modernize agriculture and supported the development of diversified and large-scale farming. Reinforcement of 15,000 small reservoirs was completed. More than 63 million additional rural people gained access to safe drinking water. Ecological conservation and development were strengthened, and China's forest coverage increased to 21.6% of the total land area.

加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)，支持戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，第四代移動(dòng)通信正式商用。積極化解部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過(guò)剩矛盾。推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和污染防治，能源消耗強(qiáng)度下降3.7％，二氧化硫、化學(xué)需氧量排放量分別下降3.5％、2.9％。

Adjustment of the industrial structure was accelerated. We encouraged the development of the service sector, and supported the development of strategic emerging industries. The 4G mobile communications system was put into commercial operation. We worked actively to resolve the serious problem of excess production capacity in some industries. We tried hard to conserve energy, reduce emissions and prevent and control pollution. Energy intensity was cut by 3.7%, and emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand decreased by 3.5% and 2.9%, respectively.

加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。南水北調(diào)東線一期工程提前通水，中線一期主體工程如期完工。推進(jìn)地下管網(wǎng)等城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。拓展油氣和電力輸配網(wǎng)絡(luò)。非化石能源發(fā)電量比重達(dá)到22.3%。加強(qiáng)民航、水運(yùn)、信息、郵政網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)，鐵路、高速公路運(yùn)營(yíng)里程均超過(guò)10萬(wàn)公里，其中高速鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)里程達(dá)到1.1萬(wàn)公里，居世界首位。

Infrastructure was strengthened. The first phase of the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was put into operation ahead of plan, and the main part of the first phase of the central route was completed as planned. Underground pipe networks and other urban infrastructure were improved. Oil, natural gas and electric power networks were expanded, and electricity generated from non-fossil energy amounted to 22.3% of the total electricity output. Civil aviation, water transport, information and postal service networks were improved. The total length of expressways and railways in service both exceeded 100,000 kilometers, with the length of high-speed railways in service reaching 11,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.

推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展。全社會(huì)研發(fā)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重超過(guò)2%。深化科技體制改革，實(shí)施知識(shí)、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等工程。超級(jí)計(jì)算、智能機(jī)器人、超級(jí)雜交稻等一批關(guān)鍵技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。

We continued to pursue innovation-driven development. China's R&D spending accounted for over 2% of its GDP. We deepened reform of the science and technology management system and implemented knowledge and technology innovation projects. Major breakthroughs were made in a number of key technologies, such as the building of supercomputers and smart robots and the cultivation of super-hybrid rice.