三、對(duì)今年政府工作的建議

III. Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

結(jié)合過(guò)去十年特別是近五年工作的體會(huì)，對(duì)今年政府主要工作提出以下建議。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.

（一）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的一切成就都建立在經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)之上，經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)展，什么事情都辦不成。我國(guó)仍處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情沒(méi)有變，人民日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾這一社會(huì)主要矛盾沒(méi)有變，我國(guó)是世界上最大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的國(guó)際地位沒(méi)有變，發(fā)展仍是解決我國(guó)所有問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。必須堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，聚精會(huì)神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展。只要我們牢牢把握發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，尊重發(fā)展規(guī)律，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展理念，破解發(fā)展難題，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，在發(fā)展中促轉(zhuǎn)變，在轉(zhuǎn)變中謀發(fā)展，就一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。

要堅(jiān)定不移地把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略方針，充分發(fā)揮消費(fèi)的基礎(chǔ)作用和投資的關(guān)鍵作用。擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)在消費(fèi)，潛力也在消費(fèi)。擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)要在提高消費(fèi)能力、穩(wěn)定消費(fèi)預(yù)期、增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)意愿、改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境上下功夫，不斷提高消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的拉動(dòng)力?，F(xiàn)階段，投資在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中的作用不可低估。我國(guó)既有投資能力，又有投資需求，關(guān)鍵在于選準(zhǔn)方向、優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、提高投資的質(zhì)量和效益。政府投資對(duì)社會(huì)投資具有十分重要的引導(dǎo)作用，但占全社會(huì)投資的比重越來(lái)越小，必須進(jìn)一步放寬民間投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，激發(fā)民間投資活力。

要大力推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平具有多層次性，回旋余地很大，無(wú)論傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)還是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)還是資金密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，都有發(fā)展的空間，重要的是優(yōu)化資源配置和產(chǎn)業(yè)布局，解決產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩、核心技術(shù)缺乏、產(chǎn)品附加值低的問(wèn)題，解決低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)和地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同的問(wèn)題。必須加快改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，大力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。要加強(qiáng)政策引導(dǎo)，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)跨行業(yè)跨區(qū)域跨所有制兼并重組，利用市場(chǎng)倒逼機(jī)制促進(jìn)優(yōu)勝劣汰。以擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用、重要關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)為重點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。積極推動(dòng)信息化和工業(yè)化融合，加快建設(shè)新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，促進(jìn)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用。堅(jiān)持生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)和生活性服務(wù)業(yè)并重，現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)業(yè)并舉，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展壯大服務(wù)業(yè)。

要順應(yīng)人民群眾對(duì)美好生活環(huán)境的期待，大力加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。生態(tài)環(huán)境關(guān)系人民福祉，關(guān)乎子孫后代和民族未來(lái)。要堅(jiān)持節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的基本國(guó)策，著力推進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)能源資源節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用，重點(diǎn)抓好工業(yè)、交通、建筑、公共機(jī)構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能，控制能源消費(fèi)總量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度。要加快調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和布局，抓緊完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制度和法規(guī)體系，采取切實(shí)的防治污染措施，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)方式和生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，下決心解決好關(guān)系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量，維護(hù)人民健康，用實(shí)際行動(dòng)和成效讓人民看到希望。要做好氣象、地質(zhì)、地震等方面工作，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。優(yōu)化國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)格局，合理控制開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度，調(diào)整空間結(jié)構(gòu)。加強(qiáng)海洋綜合管理，發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高海洋資源開(kāi)發(fā)能力，保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，維護(hù)國(guó)家海洋權(quán)益。

要繼續(xù)深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。充分發(fā)揮各地比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、分類(lèi)指導(dǎo)，優(yōu)先推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，加大對(duì)革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)扶持力度，深入推進(jìn)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧攻堅(jiān)。

1. Accelerating the change of the growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development

All the achievements we have made in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.

China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time. This basic national condition has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world. Development is still the key to solving all our problems. We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.

As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.

We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment. The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies. To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.

In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated. China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns. Governmental investment is important in guiding nongovernmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.

We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry. China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver. Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development. The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures. We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new- and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.

We should strengthen policy guidance; encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership; and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.

We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies. We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.

We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.

In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection. The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's wellbeing and also posterity and the future of our nation. We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.

We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations. We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live. We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests; improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action and achievements. We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout. We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.

We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions. We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances. We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.