Anti-Semitism 反猶太主義

The Grimms gathered over 200 tales for their collection, three of which contained Jewish characters. In "The Jew in the Brambles" the protagonist happily torments a Jew by forcing him to dance in a thicket of thorns. He also insults the Jew, calling him a "dirty dog," among other things. The Jew in the story turns out to be a thief and is hanged. In "The Good Bargain" a Jewish man is likewise portrayed as a penny-pinching swindler. During the Third Reich, the Nazis adopted the Grimms' tales for propaganda purposes. They claimed, for instance, that Little Red Riding Hood symbolized the German people suffering at the hands of the Jewish wolf, and that Cinderella's Aryan purity distinguished her from her mongrel stepsisters.

格林童話收錄了200多個(gè)故事，其中三個(gè)涉及到猶太角色。在《荊棘中的猶太人》中，主角興致勃勃的讓一個(gè)猶太人在長(zhǎng)滿尖刺的灌木叢中跳舞。他還用了"骯臟的狗"等詞辱罵猶太人。故事中的猶太人其實(shí)是個(gè)小偷，最后難逃被吊死的命運(yùn)。在《好交易》中，一個(gè)猶太男人被描繪為守財(cái)吝嗇的騙子。第三帝國(guó)時(shí)期，納粹曾用格林童話作為宣傳工具。比如，他們稱，《小紅帽》象征著在猶太狼魔爪生活下的德國(guó)人，灰姑娘的"雅利安"血統(tǒng)讓她優(yōu)于她的兩個(gè)血統(tǒng)不純的繼姐。

Incest 亂倫

In "All-Kinds-of-Fur" a king promises his dying wife that he will only remarry if his new bride is as beautiful as her. Unfortunately, no such woman exists in the whole world except his daughter, who ends up escaping his clutches by fleeing into the wilderness. While interviewing sources, the Grimms likewise heard versions of a different story–"The Girl Without Hands"–with an incestuous father. Nonetheless, in all editions of their book they recast this father as the devil.

在《千皮獸》中，國(guó)王向?qū)⑺赖钠拮颖ＷC，他只有在未來(lái)的新娘和她一樣漂亮?xí)r才會(huì)再娶。然而，世界上只有他的女兒和自己的妻子一樣美麗。國(guó)王的女兒逃到荒野，才免遭父親的魔爪。在收集故事素材時(shí)，格林兄弟還聽(tīng)到過(guò)有關(guān)亂倫父親的其它版本——《沒(méi)有手的女孩》。然而，在所有的版本中，格林兄弟都重塑了這個(gè)父親的惡魔形象。

Wicked mothers 邪惡的母親

Evil stepparents are a dime a dozen in fairy tales, but the Grimms originally included some evil biological mothers as well. In the 1812 version of "Hansel and Gretel," a wife persuades her husband to abandon their children in the woods because they don't have enough food to feed them. Snow White also has an evil mother, who at first wishes for and then become infuriated by her daughter's beauty. The Grimms turned both of these characters into stepmothers in subsequent editions, and mothers have essentially remained off the hook ever since in the retelling of these stories.

童話故事里繼父繼母是常客，但在原版的格林童話中，也有不少惡毒的親生母親。在1812年版本的《奇幻森林歷險(xiǎn)記》中，因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的食物，一個(gè)妻子說(shuō)服丈夫在叢林中拋棄了他們的孩子。白雪公主的生母也很邪惡，她起先希望女兒貌美，之后又因?yàn)榕畠旱拿裁蓝陡袘嵟?。格林兄弟在此后的版本中，把這些邪惡的生母都變成了繼母，而親生母親在后來(lái)的版本中都擺脫了邪惡的頭銜。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen 編輯）