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Electronic authors
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Writers used to have to approach publishers in the hope of having their work read by the public. Now they can simply post their offerings online and find an instant audience of millions. Liu Xiangrui reports. After breaking up with her boyfriend in 2009, Bao Jingjing, then 22, started "making up" a love story simply to distract herself from her heartbreak. Her story progressed quickly, so she decided to post it online as a serial. The story of a young girl dealing with the pang of a broken heart soon attracted many readers with its simple, humorous style. When Bao started to write less as she reunited with her boyfriend, she was contacted by her readers who urged her to continue, as they were eager to find out what happened next. Bao finished writing the story in three months. It became so popular online that she was soon contacted by a publisher who turned it into a best-seller. To cap it all off, Bao's novel was later picked up by film director Teng Huatao and adapted into a movie in 2012. With an investment of only 9 million ($1.45 million), the movie Love Is Not Blind took in 350 million yuan. Bao's story is only one of many Internet novels that have landed deals for films, TV shows and physical books. Unlike traditional writers who toil away on their books for years in the hope of gaining recognition, many young writers like Bao have cultivated readers rapidly online and often find overnight success in the real world. Bao admits that the success was unexpected. "I just enjoy writing and the Internet is a good platform, because there are people who want to listen. What I was writing was nothing unusual," Bao says. She worked as a copywriter for one month before quitting. "I thought I would have to rely on my parents for the rest of my life," says Bao, who still remembers how surprised her parents were when she proudly gave them her copyright earnings. Online literature forums are platforms for grassroots writers to realize their dreams, says another post-1980 writer who writes under the pseudonym Binglansha. Binglansha was doing an ordinary office job when she started reading online novels. Back then, most online novels were free, she recalls. Since her first attempt in 2008, Binglansha has authored a series of historical romance novels. Her awarding-winning work Beauty's Plan has been published and is set to be adapted into a TV series. As literature websites began charging readers, popular writers like Binglansha started to receive considerable contribution fees, which are determined by how many hits they get on the website. Selling copyrights brings in additional revenue. Binglansha says she now receives enough money to support her family and focus on writing. Besides economic benefits, interacting with her readers on the forum is also exciting. "It's something online writers do every day. It makes me feel so good to see so many readers enjoy my story and get immersed in the plots," says Binglansha, who often has heated discussions with her readers. Writing can be a difficult and boring process. However, the support from readers gives her passion, says Liu Chenfeng, another young writer. "They make me feel that I am not writing alone," Liu says. Liu used to work in IT in Shanghai. She has posted over 5 million words on Hongxiu.com, one of the major literature websites. Liu says it's hard to predict whether a novel will be popular. "Sometimes I am very confident that people would love my story. However, it is really not something under my control," Liu says. "Gradually I became less concerned about popularity and focused more on quality." She's working on a few modern love stories, and has plans to try some fantasies and historical novels, both genres favored by online writers. In the past five years, Zhang Wei has racked up 177 million yuan ($28.53 million) by just moving his fingertips. For two consecutive years since 2012, he has topped the list of wealthiest Chinese Internet novelists, with an income of 33 million yuan in 2012. The 33-year-old Beijing native, better known as Tangjiasanshao online, was the only online writer to be listed on the 2014 Forbes "Chinese Celebrity List". Zhang presumably has the biggest number of Chinese readers among all authors, but he admits that making a living as an author was beyond his dreams. After graduation with a degree in law, Zhang had worked in several different jobs, including an IT position. He was laid off by his last employer before he "accidentally" tried online writing and eventually created a whole new world for himself. Zhang had been reading online novels for six years when he started writing his own. The first work was immature, Zhang admits. Yet it brought in a small income and for the first time Zhang realized it's possible to make money writing novels. In fact, he spent eight years leading a life which is typical for most online writers. It has been an essential part of his life to sit before the computer, busy typing and posting. The readers pay cents for every thousand words, sometimes offering "tips". It's how such writers earn money. It took him six months to finish his second novel, a fantasy of 1.5 million words. The 2004 novel brought in 4,000 yuan, but made him well-known as an online writer. Zhang says when he was writing the book, Wild God, he was so motivated by the flow of inspiration that he would write over 10 hours a day. The imagined characters kept talking to him in his head, and he sometimes had to take up to four showers to cool down and fall asleep, he recalls. Now he has delivered 12 novels - more than 30 million words - on different themes. His works are read by hundreds of millions. Zhang thinks his works, mainly fantasies, are interesting to young people and are suitable for making cartoons. More than 10 million printed copies of his books and an equal number of cartoons based on them are sold each year. Besides the three existing cartoon books developed from his works, six others are being made. Zhang's famously high productivity is also his secret to wealth. In his best year, he wrote 4 million words. Over the years, he has followed a strict writing schedule and never fails his readers in updating the stories online. He usually begins with a concept and develops the structure months before the writing. He skillfully paces the story according to his own understanding of readers' habits. Zhang says his sensitiveness and curiosity have helped him find inspiration in daily life. "A word or sentence that might well be neglected by others might spark a story in me," he says. Books and movies are other sources of inspiration. Zhang admits that he is one of the few writers at the top of the pyramid while most online writers remain uncelebrated. However, he argues that his success can be achieved by others, as long as "they write hard enough". The industry is still growing at a dazzling speed, and more online writers can find a bright future as the Internet continues to shape people's reading habits, he says.
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以前,作家如果希望大眾能讀到自己的作品,他們必須去聯(lián)系出版社?,F(xiàn)在,他們只要把他們的文章放到網(wǎng)上,立刻會(huì)有上百萬的讀者。 2009年,鮑鯨鯨與男朋友分手后(那時(shí)她22歲),開始“編寫”一個(gè)愛情故事,這僅僅是為了轉(zhuǎn)移自己的注意力。她的故事進(jìn)展得很快,所以她決定將其作為連載小說放到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。 這個(gè)關(guān)于一個(gè)年輕女孩對付分手痛苦的故事憑借其簡單幽默的風(fēng)格,很快吸引了很多讀者。 當(dāng)鮑鯨鯨與男朋友復(fù)合后,她開始寫得少了。她的讀者們聯(lián)系她,催她繼續(xù)寫,因?yàn)樗麄兒芟胫澜酉聛頃?huì)發(fā)生什么。 鮑鯨鯨在三個(gè)月內(nèi)寫完了這個(gè)故事。這個(gè)故事在網(wǎng)上十分受歡迎,很快就有出版商來找她,將這個(gè)故事變成了暢銷書。 更加厲害的是,鮑鯨鯨的小說之后被電影導(dǎo)演滕華濤選中,并于2012年被改編為電影。投資僅900萬元(約合145萬美元)的電影《失戀33天》共吸金3.5億元。 很多網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說都被改編成電影、電視劇,或出版為實(shí)體書,鮑鯨鯨的小說只是其中一個(gè)。 傳統(tǒng)作家多年致力于他們的書中,為的是能得到認(rèn)可,與他們不同,包括鮑鯨鯨在內(nèi)的很多年輕作家快速地在網(wǎng)上發(fā)展了一大批讀者,因此在真實(shí)世界中經(jīng)常都是一夜成名。 鮑鯨鯨承認(rèn),成功來得太突然。 “我只是享受寫作的過程,網(wǎng)絡(luò)是個(gè)很好的平臺(tái),因?yàn)橛泻芏嗳讼胍獌A聽你的故事。我所寫的只不過是稀松平常的事,”鮑鯨鯨說道。 她當(dāng)了一個(gè)月的文案后就辭職了。 “我本以為我的余生都必須依靠父母了,”鮑鯨鯨說道,她還記得當(dāng)她自豪地把版權(quán)所得交給父母時(shí),他們驚訝的表情。 另一個(gè)筆名為“冰藍(lán)紗”的80后作家說,網(wǎng)上文學(xué)論壇對草根作家來說,是一個(gè)幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們夢想的平臺(tái)。 冰藍(lán)紗開始寫網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說時(shí),做的是普通的辦公室工作。她回憶說,那時(shí)候,大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說都是免費(fèi)的。 自從2008年她的第一次嘗試至今,她已經(jīng)寫了一系列歷史浪漫小說。她的獲獎(jiǎng)作品《美人謀》已經(jīng)出版,并且計(jì)劃改編成電視連續(xù)劇。 當(dāng)文學(xué)網(wǎng)站開始向讀者收費(fèi),和冰藍(lán)紗一樣的受歡迎的作家開始收到可觀的稿費(fèi)——這是由網(wǎng)站上的點(diǎn)擊量決定的。出售版權(quán)還會(huì)帶來額外的收益。 冰藍(lán)紗說,她現(xiàn)在賺的錢足夠養(yǎng)活家庭,她也能專心寫作。 除了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的收獲,在論壇上與讀者互動(dòng)也是令人興奮的。 “這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家每天都做的事??吹竭@么多讀者喜歡我的小說,沉浸在情節(jié)中,這種感覺很好,”冰藍(lán)紗說道,她經(jīng)常和讀者有熱烈的討論。 另一個(gè)年輕作家柳晨楓說,寫作是一個(gè)枯燥困難的過程。然而,讀者的支持給了她激情。 “他們讓我覺得我不是一個(gè)人在寫作,”柳晨楓說道。 以前柳晨楓在上海的一家IT公司上班。她已經(jīng)在“紅袖添香小說網(wǎng)”——國內(nèi)主要的文學(xué)網(wǎng)站之一——寫作超過500萬字。 柳晨楓說,很難預(yù)測一部小說是否會(huì)紅。 “有時(shí),我非常自信人們會(huì)喜歡我的小說。然而,這真的不在我的掌控之中,”柳晨楓說道?!皾u漸地,我減少對小說受歡迎程度的關(guān)注,增加對小說質(zhì)量的關(guān)注。” 她現(xiàn)在在寫幾部現(xiàn)代愛情小說,同時(shí)計(jì)劃嘗試寫一些奇幻小說和歷史小說,網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家很喜歡寫這兩種題材。 在過去的五年里,張威僅僅通過“敲擊鍵盤”就賺了1.77億元。 2012-2013連續(xù)兩年里,他登上中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家富豪榜榜首,2012年他的收入為3300萬元。 今年33歲的張威是地道的北京人,在網(wǎng)上以“唐家三少”著稱,他是唯一一個(gè)入選2014福布斯“中國名人榜”的網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家。 張威可能是中國擁有最多讀者的作家,但是他坦承,靠寫作謀生確實(shí)超乎他的想象。 法學(xué)學(xué)士畢業(yè)后,張威曾做過幾份不同的工作,其中包括IT職位。他被最后一任老板解雇后,“偶然”嘗試了網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作,最終為自己創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)全新的世界。 張威在自己開始著手寫網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說前,讀了六年的網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說。 張威承認(rèn),第一部作品是不成熟的。然而,它帶來了小額收入,張威第一次意識(shí)到靠寫小說賺錢是可能的。 事實(shí)上,他有八年的生活是和大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家一樣的。坐在電腦前打字和發(fā)帖是他生活必不可少的一部分。讀者每看一千字付費(fèi)幾分錢,有時(shí)還會(huì)付“小費(fèi)”。作家就是這樣賺錢的。 他的第二本小說花了他六個(gè)月,是一部150萬字的奇幻小說。2004年的那本小說雖然只帶來了4000元的收入,卻使他成為一名知名網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家。 張威說,當(dāng)他在寫《狂神》時(shí),靈感源源不絕,一天超過十小時(shí)都在寫作。他回憶道,虛構(gòu)出來的角色不停在他腦海里與他對話,他有時(shí)最多必須沖四次澡才能冷靜下來、進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)。 現(xiàn)在他發(fā)表了12部不同主題的小說——超過3000萬字。千百萬的讀者都讀過他的作品。 張威認(rèn)為他的作品——主要是奇幻小說,很吸引年輕人,也十分適合制作成卡通動(dòng)漫書。 每年,他的書銷量超過1000萬本,以他的作品為藍(lán)本的漫畫書也售出超過1000萬本。除了現(xiàn)有的三本從他的作品發(fā)展而來的漫畫書,另有六本正在制作中。 張威以井噴式創(chuàng)作出名,這也是他成為富豪的秘訣。最多的一年,他寫了400萬字。 多年以來,他嚴(yán)格遵守寫作時(shí)間表,在更新網(wǎng)上故事時(shí)從未使他的讀者失望。 在開始寫作的幾個(gè)月前,他通常從一個(gè)構(gòu)想開始,并發(fā)展為全文的結(jié)構(gòu)。他根據(jù)自己對讀者習(xí)慣的理解,有技巧地調(diào)整故事的發(fā)展速度。 張威說,他的敏感和好奇心幫助他在日常生活中尋找靈感。 “被別人忽視的一個(gè)字或一句話,我卻可以從中獲取靈感寫成一部小說,”他說道。書和電影是其他的靈感來源。 張威承認(rèn),他是為數(shù)不多的處于金字塔頂端的作家之一,大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家仍不為人所知。然而,他認(rèn)為,其他人也可以取得成功,只要“他們足夠努力地寫作”。 他說,這個(gè)行業(yè)仍以驚人的速度發(fā)展著,更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家可以找到光明的未來,因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)持續(xù)塑造著人們的閱讀習(xí)慣。 掃一掃,關(guān)注微博微信
(中國日報(bào)記者劉祥瑞? 譯者 darcy012123) |
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