U.S. law has guaranteed most workers a minimum wage since the
1930s. The last increase in the wage was in 1997. Now Democrats in the
U.S. Congress say it's time for another raise.
Minimum wage workers in America: food service, hotel workers,and sales
clerks all earn at least the federal minimum wage of $5.15 per hour, a
figure set in 1997. But Democrats in Congress are arguing that figure has
not kept up with the times.
Jared Bernstein is a senior economist
with the Economic Policy Institute. "The role that it plays is that it
provides a modicum of wage support for our
lowest wage workers, many of whom are the most disadvantaged workers in
our society. And if you look at who earns the minimum wage, you are going
to find that it is disproportionately minorities."
Economic Policy Institute statistics predict a minimum wage increase
would affect about 15 million people in a workforce of 150 million. Only a
few million workers actually depend on minimum wage jobs as their sole
source of income.
William Niskanen is chairman of the CATO
institute, a policy center in Washington D.C. He is opposed to raising the
minimum wage. He says it's bad economic policy. "It increases the price of
hiring low skilled labor. That leads employers to do two things. One is to
hire less low skilled labor. A second is that it leads them to economize
on non-wage compensation and working conditions."
Twenty states in the U.S. have set their minimum wage above the average
$5.15 per hour mark. Jared Bernstein argues that figure is not a livable
wage in today's economy. "The economy looks great from 40,000 feet, but on
the ground, you have got some problems. We have quite strong growth in
gross domestic product, which is a measure of economic growth.
Productivity growth has been really quite stellar. But the wages and
incomes of folks on the bottom half of the scale have been plodding along and in many years and quarters have
been falling behind inflation."
Bernstein does not believe raising the minimum wage will result in job
losses. He argues that jobs were added after the last increase in 1997.
"We have just never found these job loss effects. It is just an argument
that completely lacks evidence."
William Niskanen says improving the educational opportunities for low
income families is a better way to fight poverty than raising the minimum
wage.
"The United States spends way more for public schooling than any nation
in the world. And we place 15th, 20th in international tests in reading
and mathematics. We have compared to the rest of the world a very poorly
performing public school system."
Democrats are using the issue to rally their base for the upcoming
midterm congressional elections. Recently they threatened to block a
congressional pay hike if Republicans would not relent on the issue. They
say congressional salaries have raisen almost $32,000 a year since the
last increase in the minimum wage. |