八、提高保障和改善民生水平，加強和創(chuàng)新社會治理

VIII. Growing Better at Ensuring and Improving People’s Wellbeing and Strengthening and Developing New Approaches to Social Governance

全黨必須牢記，為什么人的問題，是檢驗一個政黨、一個政權(quán)性質(zhì)的試金石。帶領(lǐng)人民創(chuàng)造美好生活，是我們黨始終不渝的奮斗目標(biāo)。必須始終把人民利益擺在至高無上的地位，讓改革發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕不斷邁進。

Everyone in the Party must keep firmly in mind that the nature of a political party and of a government is determined by those whom they serve. To lead the people to a better life is our Party’s abiding goal. We must put the people’s interests above all else, see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a fair way, and strive to achieve shared prosperity for everyone.

保障和改善民生要抓住人民最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實的利益問題，既盡力而為，又量力而行，一件事情接著一件事情辦，一年接著一年干。堅持人人盡責(zé)、人人享有，堅守底線、突出重點、完善制度、引導(dǎo)預(yù)期，完善公共服務(wù)體系，保障群眾基本生活，不斷滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要，不斷促進社會公平正義，形成有效的社會治理、良好的社會秩序，使人民獲得感、幸福感、安全感更加充實、更有保障、更可持續(xù)。

As we work to ensure and improve people’s wellbeing, we must focus on the most pressing, most immediate issues that concern the people the most. We will do everything in our capacity, and work away at issue by issue, year in and year out. We will see that everyone performs their duties and shares in the benefits. We will see basic needs are met, prioritize key areas, improve institutions, and guide public expectations. We will improve the public service system, ensure people’s basic quality of life, and keep up with people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. We will continue to promote social fairness and justice, develop effective social governance, and maintain public order. With this we should see that our people will always have a strong sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security.

（一）優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。建設(shè)教育強國是中華民族偉大復(fù)興的基礎(chǔ)工程，必須把教育事業(yè)放在優(yōu)先位置，深化教育改革，加快教育現(xiàn)代化，辦好人民滿意的教育。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)，發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育，推進教育公平，培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設(shè)者和接班人。推動城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育一體化發(fā)展，高度重視農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育，辦好學(xué)前教育、特殊教育和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育，普及高中階段教育，努力讓每個孩子都能享有公平而有質(zhì)量的教育。完善職業(yè)教育和培訓(xùn)體系，深化產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作。加快一流大學(xué)和一流學(xué)科建設(shè)，實現(xiàn)高等教育內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。健全學(xué)生資助制度，使絕大多數(shù)城鄉(xiāng)新增勞動力接受高中階段教育、更多接受高等教育。支持和規(guī)范社會力量興辦教育。加強師德師風(fēng)建設(shè)，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)教師隊伍，倡導(dǎo)全社會尊師重教。辦好繼續(xù)教育，加快建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)型社會，大力提高國民素質(zhì)。

1. Giving priority to developing education

Strengthening education is fundamental to our pursuit of national rejuvenation. We must give priority to education, further reform in education, speed up its modernization, and develop education that people are satisfied with. We should fully implement the Party’s education policy, foster virtue through education, enhance our students’ well-rounded development, promote fairness in education, and nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are well-prepared to join the socialist cause. We will promote the coordinated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, while giving particular attention to rural areas. We will improve preschool education, special needs education, and online education, make senior secondary education universally available, and strive to see that each and every child has fair access to good education. We will improve the system of vocational education and training, and promote integration between industry and education and cooperation between enterprises and colleges. We will move faster to build Chinese universities into world-class universities and develop world-class disciplines as we work to bring out the full potential of higher education. We will improve the system of financial aid to students, and work to see that the vast majority of the new members of the urban and rural labor force have received senior secondary education, and that more and more of them receive higher education. We will support the well-regulated development of private schools. We will strengthen the professional ethics and competence of teachers, and encourage public respect for educators and public support for education. We will improve continuing education, step up efforts to build a learning society, and promote the well-rounded development of all our people.

（二）提高就業(yè)質(zhì)量和人民收入水平。就業(yè)是最大的民生。要堅持就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和積極就業(yè)政策，實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量和更充分就業(yè)。大規(guī)模開展職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，注重解決結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)矛盾，鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。提供全方位公共就業(yè)服務(wù)，促進高校畢業(yè)生等青年群體、農(nóng)民工多渠道就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。破除妨礙勞動力、人才社會性流動的體制機制弊端，使人人都有通過辛勤勞動實現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的機會。完善政府、工會、企業(yè)共同參與的協(xié)商協(xié)調(diào)機制，構(gòu)建和諧勞動關(guān)系。堅持按勞分配原則，完善按要素分配的體制機制，促進收入分配更合理、更有序。鼓勵勤勞守法致富，擴大中等收入群體，增加低收入者收入，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入。堅持在經(jīng)濟增長的同時實現(xiàn)居民收入同步增長、在勞動生產(chǎn)率提高的同時實現(xiàn)勞動報酬同步提高。拓寬居民勞動收入和財產(chǎn)性收入渠道。履行好政府再分配調(diào)節(jié)職能，加快推進基本公共服務(wù)均等化，縮小收入分配差距。

2. Improving the quality of employment and raising incomes

Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. We must give high priority to employment and pursue a proactive employment policy, striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs. We will launch vocational skills training programs on a big scale, give particular attention to tackling structural unemployment, and create more jobs by encouraging business startups. We will provide extensive public employment services to open more channels for college graduates and other young people as well as migrant rural workers to find jobs and start their own businesses. We must remove institutional barriers that block the social mobility of labor and talent and ensure that every one of our people has the chance to pursue career through hard work. We will improve mechanisms for joint discussion and mediation involving government, trade unions, and employers in an effort to ensure harmonious labor relations. We will continue to follow the principle of distribution according to one’s work while improving our institutions and mechanisms for distribution based on factors of production, so as to make income distribution fairer and more orderly. We will encourage people to make their money through hard work and legal means. We will expand the size of the middle-income group, increase income for people on low incomes, adjust excessive incomes, and prohibit illicit income. We will work to see that individual incomes grow in step with economic development, and pay rises in tandem with increases in labor productivity. We will expand the channels for people to make work-based earnings and property income. We will see that government plays its function of adjusting redistribution, move faster to ensure equitable access to basic public services and narrow the gaps in incomes.

（三）加強社會保障體系建設(shè)。按照兜底線、織密網(wǎng)、建機制的要求，全面建成覆蓋全民、城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、權(quán)責(zé)清晰、保障適度、可持續(xù)的多層次社會保障體系。全面實施全民參保計劃。完善城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險和城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，盡快實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老保險全國統(tǒng)籌。完善統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度和大病保險制度。完善失業(yè)、工傷保險制度。建立全國統(tǒng)一的社會保險公共服務(wù)平臺。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系，完善最低生活保障制度。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益。完善社會救助、社會福利、慈善事業(yè)、優(yōu)撫安置等制度，健全農(nóng)村留守兒童和婦女、老年人關(guān)愛服務(wù)體系。發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)，加強殘疾康復(fù)服務(wù)。堅持房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的定位，加快建立多主體供給、多渠道保障、租購并舉的住房制度，讓全體人民住有所居。

3. Strengthening the social security system

We will act on the policy requirements to help those most in need, to build a tightly woven safety net, and to build the necessary institutions, as we work to develop a sustainable multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population in both urban and rural areas, with clearly defined rights and responsibilities, and support that hits the right level. We will work to see that everyone has access to social security. We will improve the basic pension schemes for urban employees and for rural and non-working urban residents, and quickly bring pension schemes under national unified management. We will improve the unified systems of basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, and improve

unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance. We will establish a unified national platform for social security public services. We will promote the coordinated development of the social assistance systems for urban and rural residents, and improve the subsistence allowances system. We must adhere to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and minors. We will improve our systems for social assistance, social welfare, charity, and entitled groups’ benefits and services. We will improve the system for supporting and caring for children, women, and elderly people left behind in rural areas. We will develop programs for people with disabilities and work to provide better rehabilitation services for them. We must not forget that housing is for living in, not for speculation. With this in mind, we will move faster to put in place a housing system that ensures supply through multiple sources, provides housing support through multiple channels, and encourages both housing purchase and renting. This will make us better placed to meet the housing needs of all of our people.

（四）堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)。讓貧困人口和貧困地區(qū)同全國一道進入全面小康社會是我們黨的莊嚴承諾。要動員全黨全國全社會力量，堅持精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧，堅持中央統(tǒng)籌省負總責(zé)市縣抓落實的工作機制，強化黨政一把手負總責(zé)的責(zé)任制，堅持大扶貧格局，注重扶貧同扶志、扶智相結(jié)合，深入實施東西部扶貧協(xié)作，重點攻克深度貧困地區(qū)脫貧任務(wù)，確保到二○二○年我國現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽，解決區(qū)域性整體貧困，做到脫真貧、真脫貧。

4. Winning the battle against poverty

Seeing that poor people and poor areas will enter the moderately prosperous society together with the rest of the country is a solemn promise made by our Party. We should mobilize the energies of our whole Party, our whole country, and our whole society, and continue to implement targeted poverty reduction and alleviation measures. We will operate on the basis of a working mechanism whereby the central government makes overall plans, provincial-level governments take overall responsibility, and city and county governments ensure implementation; and we will strengthen the system for making heads of Party committees and governments at each level assume the overall responsibility for poverty alleviation. We will continue to advance poverty reduction drawing on the joint efforts of government, society, and the market. We will pay particular attention to helping people increase confidence in their own ability to lift themselves out of poverty and see that they can access the education they need to do so. We will strengthen collaboration on poverty alleviation between the eastern and western regions; and we will provide focused assistance to areas of extreme poverty. We must ensure that by the year 2020, all rural residents living below the current poverty line have been lifted out of poverty, and poverty is eliminated in all poor counties and regions. Poverty alleviation should reach those who truly need it and deliver genuine outcomes.

（五）實施健康中國戰(zhàn)略。人民健康是民族昌盛和國家富強的重要標(biāo)志。要完善國民健康政策，為人民群眾提供全方位全周期健康服務(wù)。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面建立中國特色基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度、醫(yī)療保障制度和優(yōu)質(zhì)高效的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系，健全現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度。加強基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系和全科醫(yī)生隊伍建設(shè)。全面取消以藥養(yǎng)醫(yī)，健全藥品供應(yīng)保障制度。堅持預(yù)防為主，深入開展愛國衛(wèi)生運動，倡導(dǎo)健康文明生活方式，預(yù)防控制重大疾病。實施食品安全戰(zhàn)略，讓人民吃得放心。堅持中西醫(yī)并重，傳承發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)。支持社會辦醫(yī)，發(fā)展健康產(chǎn)業(yè)。促進生育政策和相關(guān)經(jīng)濟社會政策配套銜接，加強人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究。積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化，構(gòu)建養(yǎng)老、孝老、敬老政策體系和社會環(huán)境，推進醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合，加快老齡事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。

5. Carrying out the Healthy China initiative

A healthy population is a key mark of a prosperous nation and a strong country. We will improve the national health policy, and ensure the delivery of comprehensive lifecycle health services for our people. We will deepen reform of the medicine and healthcare system, establish distinctively Chinese systems for providing basic healthcare, medical insurance, and quality and efficient healthcare services, and develop a sound modern hospital management system. We will improve community-level healthcare services, and strengthen the ranks of general practitioners. We will put an end to the practices of hospitals funding their operations with profits from overpriced drugs, and improve the system for medicine supply. We will, with emphasis on prevention, carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns, promote healthy and positive lifestyles, and prevent and control major diseases. We will initiate a food safety strategy to ensure that people have peace of mind about what they’re putting on their plates. We will support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and ensure the preservation and development of traditional Chinese medicine. We will support the development of private hospitals and health-related industries. We will work to ensure that our childbirth policy meshes with related economic and social policies, and carry out research on the population development strategy. As we respond proactively to population aging, we will adopt policies and foster a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. We will provide integrated elderly care and medical services, and accelerate the development of old-age programs and industries.

（六）打造共建共治共享的社會治理格局。加強社會治理制度建設(shè)，完善黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府負責(zé)、社會協(xié)同、公眾參與、法治保障的社會治理體制，提高社會治理社會化、法治化、智能化、專業(yè)化水平。加強預(yù)防和化解社會矛盾機制建設(shè)，正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾。樹立安全發(fā)展理念，弘揚生命至上、安全第一的思想，健全公共安全體系，完善安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，堅決遏制重特大安全事故，提升防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力。加快社會治安防控體系建設(shè)，依法打擊和懲治黃賭毒黑拐騙等違法犯罪活動，保護人民人身權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)、人格權(quán)。加強社會心理服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，培育自尊自信、理性平和、積極向上的社會心態(tài)。加強社區(qū)治理體系建設(shè)，推動社會治理重心向基層下移，發(fā)揮社會組織作用，實現(xiàn)政府治理和社會調(diào)節(jié)、居民自治良性互動。

6. Establishing a social governance model based on collaboration, participation, and common interests

We will step up institution building in social governance and improve the law-based social governance model under which Party committees exercise leadership, government assumes responsibility, non-governmental actors provide assistance, and the public get involved. We will strengthen public participation and rule of law in social governance, and make such governance smarter and more specialized. We will improve mechanisms for preventing and defusing social tensions, and properly handle problems among the people. We will promote safe development, and raise public awareness that life matters most and that safety comes first; we will improve the public safety system and the responsibility system for workplace safety; we will take resolute measures to prevent serious and major accidents, and build up our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. We will accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system, combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, gang violence, kidnapping, and fraud, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity. We will improve the system of public psychological services, and cultivate self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, composure, and optimism among our people. We will strengthen the system for community governance, shift the focus of social governance to the community level, leverage the role of social organizations, and see that government’s governance efforts on the one hand and society’s selfregulation and residents’ self-governance on the other reinforce each other.

（七）有效維護國家安全。國家安全是安邦定國的重要基石，維護國家安全是全國各族人民根本利益所在。要完善國家安全戰(zhàn)略和國家安全政策，堅決維護國家政治安全，統(tǒng)籌推進各項安全工作。健全國家安全體系，加強國家安全法治保障，提高防范和抵御安全風(fēng)險能力。嚴密防范和堅決打擊各種滲透顛覆破壞活動、暴力恐怖活動、民族分裂活動、宗教極端活動。加強國家安全教育，增強全黨全國人民國家安全意識，推動全社會形成維護國家安全的強大合力。

7. Effectively safeguarding national security

National security is the cornerstone of peace and stability of our country, and safeguarding it is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. We will improve our national security strategy and policy, guarantee China’s political security, and take coordinated steps to ensure security in all areas. We will improve our national security system, strengthen rule of law measures to enhance national security, and enhance our capacity for forestalling and fending off security risks. We must rigorously protect against and take resolute measures to combat all acts of infiltration, subversion, and sabotage, as well as violent and terrorist activities, ethnic separatist activities, and religious extremist activities. We will strengthen efforts to raise awareness of national security among all Party members and all the people, and create a strong synergy of the whole society to safeguard national security.

同志們！黨的一切工作必須以最廣大人民根本利益為最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我們要堅持把人民群眾的小事當(dāng)作自己的大事，從人民群眾關(guān)心的事情做起，從讓人民群眾滿意的事情做起，帶領(lǐng)人民不斷創(chuàng)造美好生活！

Comrades,

Meeting the fundamental interests of all our people is the ultimate yardstick for judging all the work of our Party. The issues of concern to the people, be they big or small, should be handled with utmost care and attention. We must start with addressing issues of public concern, start with delivering the outcomes that satisfy public needs, and work without rest to lead our people in pursuing a better life.

九、加快生態(tài)文明體制改革，建設(shè)美麗中國

IX. Speeding up Reform of the System for Developing an Ecological Civilization, and Building a Beautiful China

人與自然是生命共同體，人類必須尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護自然。人類只有遵循自然規(guī)律才能有效防止在開發(fā)利用自然上走彎路，人類對大自然的傷害最終會傷及人類自身，這是無法抗拒的規(guī)律。

Man and nature form a community of life; we, as human beings, must respect nature, follow its ways, and protect it. Only by observing the laws of nature can mankind avoid costly blunders in its exploitation. Any harm we inflict on nature will eventually return to haunt us. This is a reality we have to face.

我們要建設(shè)的現(xiàn)代化是人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化，既要創(chuàng)造更多物質(zhì)財富和精神財富以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要，也要提供更多優(yōu)質(zhì)生態(tài)產(chǎn)品以滿足人民日益增長的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需要。必須堅持節(jié)約優(yōu)先、保護優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主的方針，形成節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，還自然以寧靜、和諧、美麗。

The modernization that we pursue is one characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature. In addition to creating more material and cultural wealth to meet people’s ever-increasing needs for a better life, we need also to provide more quality ecological goods to meet people’s ever-growing demands for a beautiful environment. We should, acting on the principles of prioritizing resource conservation and environmental protection and letting nature restore itself, develop spatial layouts, industrial structures, and ways of work and life that help conserve resources and protect the environment. With this, we can restore the serenity, harmony, and beauty of nature.

（一）推進綠色發(fā)展。加快建立綠色生產(chǎn)和消費的法律制度和政策導(dǎo)向，建立健全綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟體系。構(gòu)建市場導(dǎo)向的綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系，發(fā)展綠色金融，壯大節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)、清潔生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)、清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)。推進能源生產(chǎn)和消費革命，構(gòu)建清潔低碳、安全高效的能源體系。推進資源全面節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用，實施國家節(jié)水行動，降低能耗、物耗，實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)和生活系統(tǒng)循環(huán)鏈接。倡導(dǎo)簡約適度、綠色低碳的生活方式，反對奢侈浪費和不合理消費，開展創(chuàng)建節(jié)約型機關(guān)、綠色家庭、綠色學(xué)校、綠色社區(qū)和綠色出行等行動。

1. Promoting green development

We will step up efforts to establish a legal and policy framework that promotes green production and consumption, and promote a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We will create a market-based system for green technology innovation, develop green finance, and spur the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries as well as clean production and clean energy industries. We will promote a revolution in energy production and consumption, and build an energy sector that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient. We will encourage conservation across the board and promote recycling, take action to get everyone conserving water, cut consumption of energy and materials, and establish linkages between the circular use of resources and materials in industrial production and in everyday life. We encourage simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon ways of life, and oppose extravagance and excessive consumption. We will launch initiatives to make Party and government offices do better when it comes to conservation, and develop eco-friendly families, schools, communities, and transport services.

（二）著力解決突出環(huán)境問題。堅持全民共治、源頭防治，持續(xù)實施大氣污染防治行動，打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。加快水污染防治，實施流域環(huán)境和近岸海域綜合治理。強化土壤污染管控和修復(fù)，加強農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，開展農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治行動。加強固體廢棄物和垃圾處置。提高污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，強化排污者責(zé)任，健全環(huán)保信用評價、信息強制性披露、嚴懲重罰等制度。構(gòu)建政府為主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)為主體、社會組織和公眾共同參與的環(huán)境治理體系。積極參與全球環(huán)境治理，落實減排承諾。

2. Solving prominent environmental problems

We will get everyone involved in improving the environment and address environmental issues at the root. We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again. We will speed up prevention and control of water pollution, and take comprehensive measures to improve river basins and offshore areas. We will strengthen the control of soil pollution and the restoration of polluted soil, intensify the prevention and control of agricultural pollution from non-point sources, and take measures to improve rural living environments. We will improve the treatment of solid waste and garbage. We will enforce stricter pollutants discharge standards and see to it that polluters are held accountable. We will improve our systems for credibility assessment based on environmental protection performance, for mandatory release of environmental information, and for imposing severe punishment for environmental violations. We will establish an environmental governance system in which government takes the lead, enterprises assume main responsibility, and social organizations and the public also participate. We will get actively involved in global environmental governance and fulfill our commitments on emissions reduction.

（三）加大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護力度。實施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和修復(fù)重大工程，優(yōu)化生態(tài)安全屏障體系，構(gòu)建生態(tài)廊道和生物多樣性保護網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性。完成生態(tài)保護紅線、永久基本農(nóng)田、城鎮(zhèn)開發(fā)邊界三條控制線劃定工作。開展國土綠化行動，推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，強化濕地保護和恢復(fù)，加強地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。完善天然林保護制度，擴大退耕還林還草。嚴格保護耕地，擴大輪作休耕試點，健全耕地草原森林河流湖泊休養(yǎng)生息制度，建立市場化、多元化生態(tài)補償機制。

3. Intensifying the protection of ecosystems

We will carry out major projects to protect and restore key ecosystems, improve the system of shields for ecological security, and develop ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks, so as to strengthen the quality and stability of our ecosystems. We will complete work on drawing redlines for protecting the ecosystems, designating permanent basic cropland, and delineating boundaries for urban development. We will promote afforestation, take comprehensive steps to control desertification, stony deserts, and soil erosion, strengthen wetland conservation and restoration, and better prevent and control geological disasters. We will improve the system for protecting natural forests, and turn more marginal farmland into forests and grasslands. We will rigorously protect farmland and expand trials in crop rotation and keeping land fallow. We will improve systems for regeneration of croplands, grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes, and set up diversified market-based mechanisms for ecological compensation.

（四）改革生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制。加強對生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的總體設(shè)計和組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，設(shè)立國有自然資源資產(chǎn)管理和自然生態(tài)監(jiān)管機構(gòu)，完善生態(tài)環(huán)境管理制度，統(tǒng)一行使全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有者職責(zé)，統(tǒng)一行使所有國土空間用途管制和生態(tài)保護修復(fù)職責(zé)，統(tǒng)一行使監(jiān)管城鄉(xiāng)各類污染排放和行政執(zhí)法職責(zé)。構(gòu)建國土空間開發(fā)保護制度，完善主體功能區(qū)配套政策，建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系。堅決制止和懲處破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境行為。

4. Reforming the environmental regulation system

We will strengthen overall planning, organization, and leadership for building an ecological civilization. We will establish regulatory agencies to manage state-owned natural resource assets and monitor natural ecosystems, and improve environmental management systems. These agencies will, in a unified way, perform the duties of the owner of public-owned natural resource assets, the duties of regulating the use of all territorial space and protecting and restoring ecosystems, and the duties of monitoring the discharge of all pollutants in urban and rural areas and conducting administrative law enforcement. We will establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, improve supporting policies on functional zones, and develop a nature reserves system composed mainly of national parks. We will take tough steps to stop and punish all activities that damage the environment.

同志們！生態(tài)文明建設(shè)功在當(dāng)代、利在千秋。我們要牢固樹立社會主義生態(tài)文明觀，推動形成人與自然和諧發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局，為保護生態(tài)環(huán)境作出我們這代人的努力！

Comrades,

What we are doing today to build an ecological civilization will benefit generations to come. We should have a strong commitment to socialist ecological civilization and work to develop a new model of modernization with humans developing in harmony with nature. We must do our generation’s share to protect the environment.

十、堅持走中國特色強軍之路，全面推進國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化

X. Staying Committed to the Chinese Path of Building Strong Armed Forces and Fully Advancing the Modernization of National Defense and the Military

國防和軍隊建設(shè)正站在新的歷史起點上。面對國家安全環(huán)境的深刻變化，面對強國強軍的時代要求，必須全面貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想，貫徹新形勢下軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，建設(shè)強大的現(xiàn)代化陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍和戰(zhàn)略支援部隊，打造堅強高效的戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機構(gòu)，構(gòu)建中國特色現(xiàn)代作戰(zhàn)體系，擔(dān)當(dāng)起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務(wù)。

We have reached a new historical starting point in strengthening national defense and the armed forces. Confronted with profound changes in our national security environment and responding to the demands of the day for a strong country with a strong military, we must fully implement the Party’s thinking on strengthening the military for the new era and the military strategy for new conditions, build a powerful and modernized army, navy, air force, rocket force, and strategic support force, develop strong and efficient joint operations commanding institutions for theater commands, and create a modern combat system with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Our armed forces must be up to shouldering the missions and tasks of the new era entrusted to them by the Party and the people.

適應(yīng)世界新軍事革命發(fā)展趨勢和國家安全需求，提高建設(shè)質(zhì)量和效益，確保到二○二○年基本實現(xiàn)機械化，信息化建設(shè)取得重大進展，戰(zhàn)略能力有大的提升。同國家現(xiàn)代化進程相一致，全面推進軍事理論現(xiàn)代化、軍隊組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化、軍事人員現(xiàn)代化、武器裝備現(xiàn)代化，力爭到二○三五年基本實現(xiàn)國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊。

We will adapt to the trend of a new global military revolution and to national security needs; we will upgrade our military capabilities, and see that, by the year 2020, mechanization is basically achieved, IT application has come a long way, and strategic capabilities have seen a big improvement. In step with our country’s modernization process, we will modernize our military across the board in terms of theory, organizational structure, service personnel, and weaponry. We will make it our mission to see that by 2035, the modernization of our national defense and our forces is basically completed; and that by the mid-21st century our people’s armed forces have been fully transformed into world-class forces.

加強軍隊黨的建設(shè)，開展“傳承紅色基因、擔(dān)當(dāng)強軍重任”主題教育，推進軍人榮譽體系建設(shè)，培養(yǎng)有靈魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新時代革命軍人，永葆人民軍隊性質(zhì)、宗旨、本色。繼續(xù)深化國防和軍隊改革，深化軍官職業(yè)化制度、文職人員制度、兵役制度等重大政策制度改革，推進軍事管理革命，完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義軍事制度。樹立科技是核心戰(zhàn)斗力的思想，推進重大技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、自主創(chuàng)新，加強軍事人才培養(yǎng)體系建設(shè)，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型人民軍隊。全面從嚴治軍，推動治軍方式根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，提高國防和軍隊建設(shè)法治化水平。

We will strengthen Party building in the military. We will launch activities under the theme of “passing on the traditions of revolution; stepping up to the task of making the military strong.” We will move forward with the development of the military honors system. We will train the revolutionary officers and soldiers of a new era with faith, ability, courage, and integrity, and see that our forces forever preserve their nature, purpose, and character as the forces of the people. We will continue to deepen national defense and military reform. We will further the reform of major policy systems, including the career officers system, the system for posting civilian personnel in the military, and the military service system. We will push ahead with transformation of military management, and improve and develop our distinctively Chinese socialist military institutions. We must keep it firm in our minds that technology is the core combat capability, encourage innovations in major technologies, and conduct innovations independently. We will strengthen the system for training military personnel, and make our people’s forces more innovative. We will govern the military with strict discipline in every respect, push for a fundamental transformation in the way our military is run, and strengthen the role of rule of law in enhancing national defense and military capabilities.

軍隊是要準(zhǔn)備打仗的，一切工作都必須堅持戰(zhàn)斗力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，向能打仗、打勝仗聚焦。扎實做好各戰(zhàn)略方向軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備，統(tǒng)籌推進傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域和新型安全領(lǐng)域軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備，發(fā)展新型作戰(zhàn)力量和保障力量，開展實戰(zhàn)化軍事訓(xùn)練，加強軍事力量運用，加快軍事智能化發(fā)展，提高基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息體系的聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)能力、全域作戰(zhàn)能力，有效塑造態(tài)勢、管控危機、遏制戰(zhàn)爭、打贏戰(zhàn)爭。

A military is built to fight. Our military must regard combat capability as the criterion to meet in all its work and focus on how to win when it is called on. We will take solid steps to ensure military preparedness for all strategic directions, and make progress in combat readiness in both traditional and new security fields. We will develop new combat forces and support forces, conduct military training under combat conditions, strengthen the application of military strength, speed up development of intelligent military, and improve combat capabilities for joint operations based on the network information system and the ability to fight under multi-dimensional conditions. This will enable us to effectively shape our military posture, manage crises, and deter and win wars.

堅持富國和強軍相統(tǒng)一，強化統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、頂層設(shè)計、改革創(chuàng)新和重大項目落實，深化國防科技工業(yè)改革，形成軍民融合深度發(fā)展格局，構(gòu)建一體化的國家戰(zhàn)略體系和能力。完善國防動員體系，建設(shè)強大穩(wěn)固的現(xiàn)代邊?？辗?。組建退役軍人管理保障機構(gòu)，維護軍人軍屬合法權(quán)益，讓軍人成為全社會尊崇的職業(yè)。深化武警部隊改革，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化武裝警察部隊。

We should ensure that efforts to make our country prosperous and efforts to make our military strong go hand in hand. We will strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform, and innovation. We will speed up implementation of major projects, deepen reform of defense-related science, technology, and industry, achieve greater military-civilian integration, and build integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities. We will improve our national defense mobilization system, and build a strong, well-structured, and modern border defense, coastal defense, and air defense. We will establish an administration for veterans; we will protect the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel and their families; and we will make military service an occupation that enjoys public respect. We will carry out further reforms to build a modernized armed police force.

同志們！我們的軍隊是人民軍隊，我們的國防是全民國防。我們要加強全民國防教育，鞏固軍政軍民團結(jié)，為實現(xiàn)中國夢強軍夢凝聚強大力量！

Comrades,

Our military is the people’s military, and our national defense is the responsibility of every one of us. We must raise public awareness about the importance of national defense and strengthen unity between the government and the military and between the people and the military. Let us work together to create a mighty force for realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a powerful military.